Origins of Tour de France

By the turn of the century, France was polarized by the Dreyfus case, in which a Jewish, Alsatian, French Army officer named Alfred Dreyfus was accused of selling military secrets to the Germans. After a big anti-Dreyfus demonstration in Paris, the writer Pierre Giffard took the opportunity to write a pro-Dreyfus editorial in "Le Petit Journal". Unfortunately for Giffard, whose main job was editor of "Le Vélo", one of the participants at the rally was the industrialist Comte de Dion, who just so happened to be the main backer of "Le Vélo".









Already enraged by what were seen as exhorbitant advertising charges, De Dion promptly marched off with a group of other advertisers to found a new magazine, "L'Auto-Vélo", and installed Henri Desgrange (cyclist and legal clerk) as editor. Though l'Auto-Vélo had been set up to promote all sports it was first and foremost a cycling magazine. Pierre Giffard, now running Le Vélo with minimal finacial backing, sued L'Auto-Vélo for breach of copyright. Giffard won his case in January 1903, causing L'Auto-Vélo to become simply "L'Auto". Worried that his cycling clientele might disappear with the title, and with circulation scraping along at no more than 20,000, Desgrange needed to take desparate steps, which in the times meant organising a sensational race. So, Georges Lefèvre (Journalist a L’Auto) suggested to Desgrange, "a several-day race, longer than anything now going on, something more on the order of a track six day race.





Thus the idea was born. Lefèvre surveyed the route and made preliminary organisations, and on 19 January 1903, just four days after losing the plagiarism suit to Giffard, Desgrange announced the race on the pages of the newly-christened l'Auto. The race would be "the greatest cycling trial in the entire world. A race more than a month long: Paris to Lyon to Marseille to Toulouse to Bordeaux to Nantes to Paris." When Garin rode into Paris as winner, in front of a crowd of 20,000 paying spectators, Desgrange rushed out a special edition of l'Auto, whose sales had rocketed to 130,000. The first running had been a resounding success. Later Le Vélo went banckrupt and L’Auto hired Giffard, who was looking for job.

Federico Gaito
Cycling correspondent

Few Pictures

Dear Lions,

most of you are probably already busy preparing for our next trip to the Pyrenees and can't wait to get there and hike up the first hill. However, in case "the fever" hasn't caught you yet, I've attached a few pictures of our last trip.

Yes, there is the beautiful scenery, the camaderie and the beer during our (well-deserved) breaks:






and you can probably still remember the delicious food:



But do you also remember the other parts of the trips? The reason why you might want to shape up right now?
Stay tuned for some pictorial evidence next in your inbox!

Jochen, Picture Correspondant

A Lion in the mountain!

Hi Lions
I attach photos from the Garmo Negro (3100 m) last Sunday April 11th. I climbed it with skies. Beautiful day, nice snow, amazing slopes...
At the end a great VIDEO!
Get ready! See you soon!!!

Few Pictures... Part II

Dear Lions,

I have selected again a few other pictures for your enjoyment. Do you still remember when we had to "hang in there"?

Just in case you forgot, Alastair exemplarily shows here how to hold the rope behind the back to secure yourself:



It can be steep from times to times...



Oh, and don't forget to bring shoes that can get wet - it is impossible to avoid the water!



And finally, you may consider to slim down enough so you don't get stuck in there ;-)



Best regards,

Jochen, Picture Correspondant

Pyrenean Flora: The Beech and the Silver Fir of the Pyrenees

Over 100 species of trees and shrubs are found in Pyrenean forests. Each species grows on slopes with different characteristics: altitude, exposure, type of soil, rainfall or cloud cover.



THE BEECH (Fagus sylvatica)

The beech grows at mountain level, between about 800 and 1,800 m in humid conditions with condensation forming thick fog, drizzle or rain. Though not fussy about the soil, beech trees can be badly affected by late frosts, which destroy tender young leaves and blooms. Where trees are tightly packed, few other species grow in the humus.
Size: up to 30 or 40 metres tall with a trunk often over one metre in diameter.
Lifetime: between 300 and 500 years
Bark: smooth and grey with horizontal ridges and patches of lichen
Foliage: deciduous; light green in spring, dark in summer turning to golden yellow or brown in autumn. The leaves and vein angles are edged with small hairs.
Fruit: ripe by late September, the almond-shaped beechnuts are grouped by twos or threes in a husk covered in soft spikes.
Use: fuel, woodwork and paper.
Habitat: beech trees grow as well on the plain as in mountainous areas. They like shade and moisture. in the Pyrenees they are found at the mountain level of northern slopes throughout the range.



THE SILVER FIR (Abies pectinata)

The silver fir is often found among beech trees where it can be spotted by its tall, dark silhouette. It is also found growing in 100% fir forests, especially in shady spots near the top of the mountain level (around 1,800 m). Another tree that will grow in different types of soil, silver firs form a shady, silent cover for undergrowth.
Size: Giant of the Pyrenees, the silver fir can grow to 50 m
Bark: the silver-grey bark cracks and becomes scaly over time.
Foliage: evergreen. The needles spread out horizontally on either side of the branch. Shiny green on the upper side, two silver-white bands on the underside. The top tends to flatten out with age.
Fruit: the cones remain upright on the top branches. In the autumn the cones break up, leaving the central spike still standing upright like a candle.
Use: good timber. Its resin has medical virtues.
Habitat: the silver fir forms magnificent forests at altitudes of between 500 and 1,600 metres. In the Pyrenees they are found mixed with beech or in 100% fir populations.


By Matias Dorr Mansilla, Forest correspondent