Monday, May 12, 2014

Introduction to Canyoning

By Juan Manuel Ruigomez Gomez

Let me introduce canyoning to those of you who have still not had the opportunity to try this fantastic activity. I am sure that canyoning will be for many of us one of the high points of our adventure at the Pyrenees.

What is a Canyon?

A canyon is a deep gorge with steep sides, cut through rock by a river. In Sierra de Guara where we will do canyoning, some of the gorges are more than 1,500 meters deep. It is probably the best place in Europe for canyoning.


What does canyoning involve?

Canyons require a great variety of skills, the primary one being physical fitness (not a problem for the Lions of the Pyrenees!) However, navigation, swimming, jumping, team work, wading… and appreciation of the environment all help to ensure a good time.

What makes a good canyoning trip is a combination of all the above, plus a group a good friends ready for challenges.
What do you take into a canyon?


All we need is a tee shirt, light quick drying shorts, long socks (that stay up) and a pair of old tennis shoes. On top of that we will put on wetsuits, since water will be cold and canyons are mostly shadowy. Ropes, helmets and bolts will be provided by our guides.

The wines of Somantano (antiquity to nowadays)

By Francois du Reau

According to documents of this period, wine was already cultivated in the valley of the River Ebra in 500 BC. In the second century before Christ there was a significant production of wine in the area. Romans settling in el Somanto has been an important factor of development of the trading and cultivation of the wine. Romans brought their advanced techniques and helped to develop wine trading companies. During the middle age the wine culture extended to all the Huesca Province under the impulsion of monastery who developed new vineyards. During the 19 century the filoxera epidemic in the French vignard has implied an increase of the Production and exportation of wine.



The Somantano was awarded D.O. status in 1984. Hence in the 90’s strong investment has been done in the sector and brought the Somantano among the best wines of Spain. While many styles of wine can be found in the region, it is making a name for itself for some significant modern innovations in wine-making.

The name Somontono means “under the mountain,” as it is located right at the foothills of the Pyrenees. The wines in this region tend to have excellent balance due to hot, dry summers, with winds from the mountains cooling off the vineyards in the cold winters. Local indigenous varietals were the initial plantings in the area, such as Parraleta and Moristel for reds, Macabeo and Alcanon for whites. However, much of these have been uprooted to make way for modern vinification using international grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah as well as Spain’s noble grape, Tempranillo, for reds. Whites include Gewürztraminer, Chardonnay and Garnacha Blanca. Garnacha Tinta is also employed as the main grape for local rosado.


Local vintners have become known for their technologically advanced wineries. Many functions at the vineyards are computer-controlled, allowing for a good deal of experimentation in the wine process, as well as top of the line storage facilities and shipping centers.

Golden Eagles and Vultures in the Pyrenees

By Piotr Her

“Vultures' behaviour at a carcass remains social, respecting the temporary dominance of the hungriest: the hungriest and most aggressive bird has first choice, eating alone from the carcass. As its hunger is satisfied, it becomes less aggressive and less dominant, and is then replaced by a more aggressive vulture.”


Large birds of prey have always been persecuted and have only found refuge in the most inaccessible parts of mountain ranges, often at very high altitudes. Although protected for the past twenty years or so, they show no inclination to recolonize the lower altitudes and plains. Human activity leaves them only a marginal role in a sanitized countryside dedicated to intensive farming practices.

The Pyrenees are the last refuge for certain species, while offering shelter to birds of prey known in other mountains. It is this wealth of wildlife that the various nature reserves throughout the range -from the national park in the west to eastern reserves- all aim to conserve.

In the 1970s, just before birds of prey were placed under legal protection, the situation was critical. Today, most small and medium bird of prey populations have risen to an acceptable level. The larger birds of prey are more sensitive to disturbances of all kinds. The time taken before reaching sexual maturity, the few young born per couple (often one over a two-year period), the long breeding period (one year) and the numerous failures all serve to slow down reproduction and hinder the renewal of generations.

We should always keep one eye on the sky in the hopes of seeing a fleeting silhouette or even the soaring flight of one of these large birds of prey in their own domain.

Footpaths begin in the foothills, sometimes near rock faces offering shelter to the peregrine falcon. Higher up in the mountains, above the tree line, we enter the izard's territory. This is where you might be lucky enough to spot a royal eagle. Although it would not refuse carrion, the eagle is a hunter by nature.

It is near the mountain tops that you are likely to spot a small vulture not widely known by the general public: the Egyptian vulture. This small migrant carrion-eater has disappeared from numerous mountain regions where it was previously a common sight: Massif Central, southern Alps, Alpilles... Though couples live at some distance from each other, they may meet up on the same animal carcass or rubbish tip. The Egyptian vulture is an opportunist, and can eat almost anything, from ostrich eggs in Africa -which it breaks using a stone as a tool- to sheep droppings!

When the snow thaws, the carcasses of animals killed in winter avalanches appear scattered around the mountain tops. This is a godsend for griffon vultures which spot them quickly during their constant flights over the whole range. When a vulture dives down towards a likely meal, all the others -who have been keeping a distant but watchful eye- also converge on the sector, making a noisy gathering to pick the carcass clean, leaving only the hardest bones. Vultures' behaviour at a carcass remains social, respecting the temporary dominance of the hungriest: the hungriest and most aggressive bird has first choice, eating alone from the carcass. As its hunger is satisfied, it becomes less aggressive and less dominant, and is then replaced by a more aggressive vulture.

A trophy sighting for bird enthusiasts, golden eagles are more elusive than vultures as they spend hours or even days motionless on their high perches where they are impossible to spot. However we do see them several times each summer. One family nests in the Valle de Tena with the young birds starting to lose their juvenile markings. There were some great sightings of this group in the area of Col de Sabacos above Panticosa. As very territorial birds the area of the Ordesa National Park would normally only support one pair of golden eagles, however the abundance of wildlife (and therefore food!) in the park allows three breeding pairs to nest there.

While the vultures are feasting, a large bird often soars overhead, noting the spot. There is no hurry, for it will come back later, often much later. This is the bearded vulture, the largest bird of prey in Europe. The remarkable thing about this bird is that it eats bones! While the bearded vulture is capable of swallowing a cow's hoof in one go, there are bones too large to swallow whole. These it grasps in its talons, flying up to several hundred metres before dropping them onto a rocky area where it can retrieve the broken bits and swallow them easily.

You would be very lucky to see all these birds during a single walk, but if you persevere, you may well come across these legendary animals one day in their Pyrenean refuge.

Sources: www.pyrenees-decouverte.com; www.wikipedia.com; www.hikepyrenees.co.uk

PRE-ROMANESQUE AND ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN THE ARAGONESE PYRENEES

By Diego Guinea

Not only are the Aragonese Pyrenees an area of outstanding natural beauty, as The Lions witness year after year, but it also has a surprisingly rich artistic heritage. Particularly interesting is its religious architecture in Pre-Romanesque and -more importantly- Romanesque style, the latter of which flourished in the region in hand with the birth of the Kingdom of Aragon.

A former Marca Hispanica under the Carolingian protectorate comprising the area around the river that gave it its name, the County of Aragon was re-populated after its incorporation to the Kingdom of Pamplona in the early 10th Century. The character of the area was predominantly rural, and the Roman Catholic Church played a crucial role in the administration of the County through its churches and monasteries.

In this context, it is worth mentioning the Pre-Romanesque churches of El Serrablo, a homogeneous architectural group highly influenced by Mozarabic architecture. This group comprises around twenty churches in the rural area around the Gállego River, the prototype of which was the church of San Pedro de Lárrede, built around 1050. 

Other churches in the region, such as Santa María de Iguácel, Santa Cruz de la Serós, and San Pedro de Siresa, are the only remains of a series of monasteries that controlled vast areas of the County and held an important cultural heritage. For example, The Abbey of San Pedro de Siresa, constructed in the heart of the Hecho Valley between the 9th and 13th centuries, had a magnificent library that included works of Greco-Roman tradition that had not been persevered in the Caliphate of Cordoba.

Towards the end of the 11th Century, the region underwent significant changes as a result of the thriving emergence of the Kingdom of Aragon. The Old Monastery of San Juan de la Peña is commonly considered to be the cradle of the Kingdom or Aragon, having driven the conquest of Jaca and Ainsa. The Monastery was also the burial place for the Kings and Queens of Aragon and Pamplona during five hundred years. The Old Monastery comprises two floors, both under the huge rock that gives it its name and acts as roof to the upper level. The lower level consists of the Council Chamber and a Mozarabic church, and the upper level comprises a series of Romanesque constructions, including the Pantheon of Noblemen, the upper church -consecrated in 1094-, and the cloister -completed in the 12th Century-, as well as the Gothic chapel of Saint Victorian and the Neoclassic Royal Pantheon -built in the last third of the 18th Century. 

In 1077 Sancho Ramírez, first King of Aragon, established the first capital of the new Kingdom and the Episciopal See in the city of Jaca and the construction of the Cathedral of Jaca begun. It is worth noting that the Cathedral owes part of its importance and architectural style to its strategic location in the pilgrimage route that lead to Santiago from remote parts of Europe, along which the new Romanesque Architecture flourished. The Cathedral of Jaca was constructed almost concurrently with the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The current building preserves its general Romanesque style, with later additions in Gothic, Italianate and Baroque style.


The capital of the Kingdom of Aragon and the Episcopal See were moved to Huesca after its conquest from the Muslims in 1096, but Jaca preserved its importance as a strategic stop in the Way of Saint James. Today, the Pilgrims continue to enter into the Cathedral under the Chi Ro in the tympanum of the arch of the main entrance, which is surrounded by two Lions, symbols of penance. Also today, the other Lions continue to contribute to the epic History of the Pyrenees. 

The Shrines of Torreciudad and Lourdes

By Father Bernard Marsh

Just up the road to the North from El Poblado (or an even shorter swim away for our aquatic friends) is the 11th shrine of Torreciudad, dedicated to our Lady. It centres around a romanesque statue of Mary seated and holding the child Jesus. This is the very statue which was enthroned there in 1084 by the Christians, after the reconquest of the stronghold in the place which the Muslims had built to defend themselves from attacks from the North. Some traditions refer to the statue of our Lady of Torreciudad being venerated even before this time, having then been hidden away during the Arab occupation.



If we continue due North from El Poblado across the Pyrenees, then we come to another shrine dedicated to our Lady – a relative newcomer in the world of Marian shrines. This is Lourdes. The origins of this shrine are far less faded by the mists of time, and are decidedly more peaceful in nature. In 1858 a beautiful lady appeared to a young girl, Bernadette Soubirous, on a total of 18 occasions. When Bernadette asked the lady who she was, she replied “I am the Immaculate Conception” – not the sort of name that a 14 year-old shepherdess of that area would be at all familiar with! The upshot was that the Virgin Mary asked Bernadette to arrange for a chapel to built in that place; she was also instructed to dig a little hole in the ground with her hands – which opened up a hitherto unknown spring of water. The rest is history, as they say.

So, you may ask, what goes on in these places? Why do we have shrines dedicated to the Virgin Mary? Shrines of some sort are very much part of the human culture: we are not pure spirits (like the angels), but have a body. Thus space and time are a dimension of our existence. And our encounter with God – especially with God made man – also involves space and time. Some places have particular significance with regards to our being close to God.

From the earliest days of the Church, it was appreciated that as Mary is the mother of Jesus, and that as Jesus is not only a man but is also truly God, then we can correctly give Mary the title Mother of God. Thus, this title, which on the face of it sounds either ridiculous or blasphemous (or both!), is the most exact expression of who Mary is: the Mother of God! However, she is also our Mother: given to us (through St John) by Jesus as he was dying on the Cross. Just think: you and I have a Mother who is also the Mother of God!

We all know that children can get what they want from their father by persuading their mother to plead on their behalf. And this is how God has wanted to deal with us too. He associates different places more “intensely” with his Mother (our Mother) so that we approach Him through Mary in those places with all our needs. Whether it be to ask God for some favour or to give thanks for those already received, Christians have always gone to Mary, wherever she may be found, as the “shortest” way to God. Thus during her lifetime on earth, the disciples of Jesus, after he had ascended into heaven, went to her for encouragement – perhaps on the pretext of comforting her! Her very face must have brought renewed strength and faith to them when faced with opposition and persecution. And this Tradition has continued from then onwards.


As we face untold challenges in the week ahead, you and I too, should also make a point of going to Mary in this special place of hers, to ask her to put in a good word for us before the Lord of all – for ourselves, our families and friends. Let’s prepare our visit to Torreciudad before our survivors’ dinner, recollecting that ultimately what we want above all else for everyone is eternal happiness and all that leads to it.